Izibani zomgwaqo zingezinye zezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu engqalasizinda yezokuthutha zesimanje, ezihlela ngokuthula izigidi zezimoto nabahamba ngezinyawo nsuku zonke emadolobheni emhlabeni wonke. Lezi zinsiza ezikhona yonke indawo zisebenza njengomgogodla wokuphepha emigwaqweni, zinciphisa amathuba okushayisana ngokunikeza ngokucacile ilungelo lokudlula imifudlana yezimoto ezahlukene emagatsheni. Ngaphandle kobukhona besistimu yezibani zomgwaqo ezisebenza kahle, imigwaqo yasezidolobheni ingase yehlele ekuphazamisekeni, nabashayeli beshiya ukuba bathembele kuphela ekucabangeni nasekuvumelaneni okungajwayelekile ukuze bahambe emagatsheni. Ukubaluleka kwezibani zomgwaqo kudlula lula nje, njengoba zidlala indima ebalulekile ekunciphiseni ukufa, ukuvikela abasebenzisi bomgwaqo abasengozini, nokuqinisekisa ukuthi izimoto eziphuthumayo zingakwazi ukudlula ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi ngokubaluleka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhanya okuzinzile kwelensi ebomvu, ephuzi, noma eluhlaza kuye kwaba ulimi oluqondwa umhlaba wonke abashayeli nabahamba ngezinyawo kuwo wonke amazwekazi, ludlula imingcele yamasiko neyolimi. Ukuqonda uhambo lwesibani somgwaqo kusukela ekuqaleni kwalo komshini kuya ezinhlelweni zanamuhla ezihlakaniphile, ezixhunyiwe kunikeza ukuqonda okubalulekile ukuthi ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka kanjani ukubumba indlela esihamba ngayo ezindaweni zethu.

Umsuka wemizamo yokuqala yokulawula ithrafikhi ngedivayisi yokubonisa ubuyela ngonyaka we-1868 eLondon, lapho unjiniyela wezitimela ogama lakhe linguJohn Peake Knight afaka khona isibonakaliso esisebenza ngesandla esikhanyiswa igesi ngaphandle kwezindlu zePhalamende. Lesi sibonakaliso sokuqala sokumisa sasinezibani zegesi ezibomvu neziluhlaza ezazijikelezwa umphoyisa esebenzisa isibambo esingezansi, futhi yize saphumelela ekuphathweni kokuhamba kwezimoto ezihanjiswa ngamahhashi isikhashana, impilo yaso yokusebenza yaphela ngendlela emangalisayo lapho ukuvuza kukagesi kubangele ukuqhuma okwenzakalisa umphoyisa owayekhona. Naphezu kwalokhu kwehluleka, umqondo wesibonakaliso sezimoto esizinikezele waqhubeka nokuthakazelisa abasunguli nabahleli bamadolobha ababona isidingo esikhulayo sokuphathwa kwezitalato okuhlelekile njengoba ubunikazi bezimoto buqala ukwanda ngokushesha. Kwaze kwaba ngonyaka we-1914 lapho kufakwa khona isibonakaliso sezimoto sikagesi sokuqala eCleveland, Ohio, uhlelo olwakhelwe nguJames Hoge olwalusebenzisa izibani ezibomvu neziluhlaza ezazilawulwa kusuka endaweni yamaphoyisa eseduze futhi lwaba yintuthuko enkulu ekuthembekeni nasekuvikelekeni. Ngasekuqaleni kwawo-1920s, amadolobha afana neDetroit, New York, nePhiladelphia aqala ukuzama izibonakaliso ezihambisanayo emigwaqweni emikhulu, abeka isisekelo samazinga okuphathwa kwethrafikhi ahlangene. Ukwethulwa kohlelo lwezibani ezintathu olunezibonakaliso eziphuzi kubhalwa kuWilliam Potts, umphoyisa waseDetroit owengeza isigaba sokuxwayisa esiphuzi ngonyaka we-1914, ngaleyo ndlela enikeza abashayeli isikhathi sokuxwayisa esibalulekile phakathi kwezibonakaliso eziluhlaza nezibomvu. Lokhu kusungulwa kunciphise kakhulu ukushayisana kwangemuva kanye nezingozi ezibangelwa ukungazinqumi, futhi ukwakheka kwezibonakaliso ezintathu kwashesha kwaba yizinga lomhlaba wonke elisasetshenziswa nanamuhla.

Ngo-1900 wonke, isibani sezithuthi senze izinguquko eziningi ezibalulekile ezisuka kudivayisi elula eyenziwa ngesandla yaba yinto eyisisekelo esizenzakalelayo esakhiweni samadolobha. Enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuqala kwaba ukuthuthukiswa kwama-timer azisebenzela ngokwawo, okwaqeda isidingo sokugadwa njalo ngabantu futhi kwavumela izibani zezithuthi ukuthi zisebenze ngokungaguquki phakathi nosuku nobusuku. Lezi zilawuli zikagesi ezisebenzisa amadrayivu nama-cam ukujikeleza ngamasu okubeka isikhathi, futhi yize zazilula kakhulu ngamazinga angamanje, zaziyimpumelelo enkulu ngokuya ngokwanda nokonga izindleko emadolobheni azo zonke izinhlobo. Igagasi elilandelayo lokusungula lafika ngokwethulwa kwezibani ezisebenza ngokuvumelana nezimoto, ezazisebenzisa izinzwa zokujikeleza ezifakwe emgwaqweni ukuthola izimoto ezisondelayo futhi zilungise isikhathi sezibani ngokufanele. Le ndlela yokuzivumelanisa yehlise izikhathi zokulinda ezingadingekile ezithuthini eziseceleni futhi yandisa kakhulu ukuhamba kwezithuthi ezindaweni eziphambanayo, futhi yavula indlela yamasu athuthukisiwe kakhulu okuphatha izithuthi. Ezingxenyeni zokugcina zenkulungwane, ukuguquka kusuka ezibani ezishisayo kuye kubuchwepheshe be-light-emitting diode (LED) kwashintsha umkhakha ngokunikeza ukonga amandla okungcono kakhulu, izimpilo ezinde zokusebenza, nokukhanya okuthuthukisiwe okwakubonakala ngisho nalapho ilanga likhanya ngqo. Umdwebo onemininingwane wezibani zezithuthi zaleso sikhathi ubuzobonisa ama-LED amancane, ahlanganisiwe esikhundleni sezindlu ezinkulu nezihlungi zemibala ezazibonakala ezinhlokweni zezibani zangaphambili, futhi lezi zinhlaka ezintsha zazidinga ukugcinwa okuncane kakhulu ngenkathi zisebenzisa u-90% kagesi ongaphansi. Ukuvuselelwa kwedijithali kwavumela izikhungo zokulawula izithuthi ezihlangene lapho abasebenzi bengakwazi ukugada amakhulu ezindaweni eziphambanayo kusuka endaweni eyodwa, balungise izinhlelo zesikhathi ngesikhathi sangempela, futhi basabele ngokushesha ezingozi noma izimo zokuminyana.

Ukwenziwa kahle kwezobuchwepheshe bezibani zomgwaqo kube nomthelela omkhulu futhi ongenakuphikiswa endleleni izixeko ezakhiwe, zakhiwe, futhi ziphathwe ngayo, kuthinta konke kusukela ebubanzini bezindlela kuya kumthetho wezindawo. Emikhakheni yokuqala yokuhamba ngemoto, ukuklama izindawo zokuhlangana kwakuyisisekelo, futhi ukuvela kwesignali kwakuvame ukuba umcabango owenziwe kuphela ngemva kokuba izingozi seziye zenzeka. Njengoba izibonakaliso zomgwaqo zaba zithembekile futhi ziqinile, abacwaningi bezixeko baqala ukufaka lezi zibonakaliso ekwakhiweni okuyisisekelo kwemiphakathi emisha nezindawo zokuhweba, besebenzisa izibalo zokuhamba ezilindelekile ukuze bahlonze indawo efanele yokubeka izibonakaliso nokuhlelwa. Ikhono lokuhlanganisa izibonakaliso ezindleleni ezinkulu kwavusa ama-green waves ahlanganyelwe avumela izimoto ukuba zihambe ibanga elide ngaphandle kokumisa okukhulu, kunciphisa isikhathi sokuhamba nokusetshenziswa kwemafutha ngenkathi kunciphisa ukukhishwa. Amaphoyisa aphatha ukuhamba kwemoto nawo asebenzisa idatha eyenziwe ngamasistimu ezibonakaliso ukuze athole izindawo zokuhlala ezinamathuba, alungise imikhawulo yokushesha, futhi ahlele ukuthuthukiswa kwezinsiza ngokuqonda okukhulu kunalokho okwakukade kungenzeka. Ngaphezu kokwenza kube lula ukuhamba kwezimoto, amasistimu ezibani zomgwaqo anamuhla aklanyelwe ukuphepha kwabantu abahamba ngezinyawo nabagibeli, efaka izici ezifana nezikhathi zokubala, ama-push buttons atholakalayo anemiyalezo ezwakalayo, nezikhathi ezikhethekile zezimoto zamasondo. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezibonakaliso zomgwaqo nezinhlelo ezihlakaniphile zokuhamba kube nokuvumela izixeko ukuba zisebenzise izimali eziguquguqukayo, zikhuthaze izimoto zomphakathi, futhi ziphathe ukuhamba kwezikhathi ezikhethekile ngempumelelo enkulu. Izinkampani ezifana neShandong Penghui Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd. sekuvele kuyizinkampani ezibalulekile kule ndawo eguqukayo, zihlanganisa amakhono aphezulu okukhiqiza i-LED ne-algorithms zokulawula ezihlakaniphile ukuletha imikhiqizo ehlangabezana nezidingo zezindawo zedolobha zesimanje. Inkampani's ububanzi obuphelele bemikhiqizo yokukhanyisa imigwaqo kubonisa ukuzibophezela okuqhubekayo komkhakha ekuthembekeni, ukonga amandla, nokuhlanganiswa okungenamihawu namapulatifomu okuphatha aphakathi.

Ngokubheka phambili, isibani sezimoto silungiselelwe ukuba sibe nohlakanipho olwengeziwe futhi sixhumane njengoba ubuchwepheshe obusakhula bushintsha umqondo wokulawulwa kwezimoto emgwaqweni. Enye yezinto ezithembisa kakhulu ukwanda kokuxhumana kwezimoto nengqalasizinda, okuvumela izibani zezimoto ukuthi zishintshane ngedatha yesikhathi sangempela nezimoto ezisondeleyo mayelana nesivinini, indawo, kanye nezinhloso zokuhamba. Lokhu kudluliselwa kolwazi oluvela nhlangothi zombili kuvumela izibani ukuthi zilungise isikhathi ngokushesha ukuze zivumelane namaqembu ezimoto, zinikeze izinsizakalo eziphuthumayo, futhi ngisho nokwelula izikhathi eziluhlaza zamabhasi kagesi adinga ukufika eziteshini zokushaja ngesikhathi esincane. Ubuhlakani bokwenziwa (AI) nokufunda ngomshini (machine learning) nazo ziyasetshenziswa ekulawuleni izibani zezimoto, zihlaziya imifudlana emikhulu yedatha yomlando neyesikhathi sangempela ukubikezela izimo zokuminyana ngaphambi kokuba zenzeke futhi zilungise izinhlelo zesikhathi ngendlela enobuhlakani. Lezi zinhlelo eziqhutshwa yi-AI zingafunda kusuka kumathrekhi ezimoto ahlukile edolobha, zicabangele izimo zezulu, izinhlelo zezikole, imicimbi yezemidlalo, kanye nokuhamba kwamaholide ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuhamba ngendlela enemininingwane engakaze yenziwe ngabantu. Ukwanda kwezimoto ezixhunyiwe nezizihambelayo kuzosheshisa kakhulu ukuguquka kwesibani sezimoto, njengoba izibani zizoqala ukuxhumana ngqo nezimoto ezizihambelayo ukuze zihlele izinhlelo zokuwela imigwaqo ngaphandle kwesidingo sokushintsha izibani ezibonakalayo. Kulesi simo, ukudweba ngokomzimba kwezibani zezimoto kungase kube ngokuzithandela, kufakwe imiyalelo yedijithali edluliselwa ngaphandle kwentambo esikrinini sezimoto ngayinye, yize abashayeli nabahamba ngezinyawo abantu bezosebenzisa izimpawu ezijwayelekile ezibonakalayo esikhathini esizayo esiseduze. Ukuqhubeka kokusimama kuhlala kuyisihloko esiyinhloko ekwakhiweni kwezibani zezimoto zesizukulwane esilandelayo, ngezixhobo ezisebenzisa ilanga, ama-LED asebenza kahle kakhulu, kanye nezinhlelo zokugcina amandla ngebhethri kunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni engqalasizinda yezibani ngenkathi kuqinisekiswa ukusebenza okungaphazamiseki ngesikhathi sokucima kukagesi. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezibani zezimoto ezinhlelweni ezinkulu zamadolobha ahlakaniphile kuzophinde kuvumele ukwabelana ngedatha nabahloli bekhwalithi yomoya, izinhlelo zokuthutha zomphakathi, nezikhungo zokuthumela izimo eziphuthumayo, kwakhe umbono ophelele wokuhamba kwamadolobha okuzuzisa bonke abathintekayo.

Uhambo olumangalisayo lokukhanya kwethrafikhi kusuka kudivayisi yezandla enezibani zegesi kuya kunodi eyenziwe yi-AI exhunyiwe kunethiwekhi yedolobha elihlakaniphile ibonisa amandla okuguqula ubuchule obuqhubekayo kwingqalasizinda yezokuthutha. Ukuphumelela okukhulu ngalunye, kungaba ukwengezwa kokukhanya kwethrafikhi ophuzi, ukushintshela ekukhanyeni kwe-LED, noma ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo zokulawula eziguquguqukayo, kuye kwaba nentuthuko ebonakalayo ekuphepheni komgwaqo, ukusebenza kahle kwethrafikhi, kanye nokusimama kwemvelo. Lezi zimpumelelo azigcinanga ngokulondoloza izimpilo eziningi kodwa futhi zavumela imizi ukuthi ikhule kakhulu futhi ngamandla kunalokho obekuzokwenzeka ngaphansi kwezimo ezingalawuleki, ezinganikezeliwe. Njengoba izakhamuzi zasemadolobheni ziqhubeka nokwanda futhi izindlela zokuhamba ziba nzima kakhulu, indima yokukhanya kwethrafikhi izoba yibaluleke kakhulu, ifune utshalomali oluqhubekayo ocwaningweni, ukuthuthukiswa, nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu. Kumakhansela, izinhlangano zezokuthutha, namabhizinisi ababandakanyeka emkhakheni wokulawula ithrafikhi, ukuhlala unolwazi ngalezi zimo kubalulekile ekwenzeni izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nokuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda kanye nokuhlela kwesikhathi eside.Ikhayaezixazululweni eziningi ezihlakaniphile zezokuthutha, i-Shandong Penghui Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd. ibonisa uhlobo lokukhiqiza nokuklama okucabanga phambili oluzoshukumisa isizukulwane esilandelayo sezinhlelo zezimpawu zomgwaqo. Ukuguquka kokukhanya kwethrafikhi kusikhumbuza ukuthi ngisho nezinto ezijwayelekile emigwaqweni yethu zingakhiqizwa kabusha ukuze zihlangabezane nezinselelo zomhlaba oshintsha ngokushesha, nokuthi indawo yokuwela imigwaqo izoqhubeka nokusebenza njengendawo yokuhlola ubuchule obuzuzisa wonke umsebenzisi womgwaqo.